Aphasia, Memory impairment, Ataxia, Syncope, Balance disorder, Sensory but the underlying phenotypes are, for example, a lack of sensory gating and a

BackgroundPrepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex is an operational measure of sensorimotor gating. The findings on PPI deficits in bipolar disorder (BD) are inconsistent among studies due to various confounding factors such as gender. This study aimed to assess sensorimotor gating deficits in patients with BD stratified by gender and state (depressed/euthymic), and to explore

disorder to four different auditory prepulse intensities (2, 4, 8, or 16 dB above background) and found impaired sensorimotor gating for the 4–8 dB pair. According to the researchers, this finding contrasts PPI effectsobservedin schizophrenicpatients, for example, who display increased sensorimotor deficits with more intense lead stimuli. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex is an operational measure of sensorimotor gating that is amenable to cross-species comparisons. Deficits in PPI have been repeatedly reported in patients with schizophrenia or other psychiatric disorders characterized by abnormalities in sensory, cognitive, or motor gating.

Some neurophysiological studies suggest that an altered “gating” mechanism also underlies the development of tics. This review underlines the importance of abnormal sensorimotor integration in the pathophysiology of movement disorders. Thus, sensorimotor and sensory gating measures can be used as informative and independent neurophysiological markers for studies investigating neuropsychiatric disorders and may well constitute separable endophenotypes. Functional and structural imaging studies suggest that obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms arise from dysfunction in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits.

BackgroundPrepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex is an operational measure of sensorimotor gating.

Startle habituation, sensory, and sensorimotor gating in trauma-affected refugees with posttraumatic stress disorder. Fundamental gating mechanisms appeared intact, while the pattern of deficits in trauma-affected refugees with PTSD point toward a different form of sensory overload, an overall neural hypersensitivity and disrupted the ability to

A deficit in sensory gating, with excessive attribution of salience to environmental events, is thought to underlie a number of psychiatric conditions, including psychotic disorders like schizophrenia (Kapur et al., 2005). Just as a threatening environment leads to emotional hyperthermia in normal individuals, so it is likely that excessive salience will be associated with emotional hyperthermia in certain psychiatric conditions. The findings suggest diverse sensorimotor gating profiles amongst subgroups of violent offenders, with comorbid psychosis and DPD showing most impairment. This is consistent with a 'double dose' of deficit explanation amongst those with both diagnoses, explained at least in part by presence of antisocial personality traits and childhood psychosocial deprivation.

Sensorimotor gating deficits in bipolar disorder patients with acute psychotic mania. Biological Psychiatry, 50, 418-424. References 32 healthy controls and 35 bipolar patients (23 mixed, 11 manic, and 1 undefined) were recruited from ongoing pharmacokinetic studies in which they were enrolled independent of the present sensory gating protocol

Sensorimotor Gating in Cocaine-Related Disorder with Comorbid Schizophrenia or Antisocial Personality Disorder Sensorimotor gating is impaired in male patients with bipolar disorder and depression. Sensory gating is an essential feature of the central nervous system reflecting a pre- attentive automatic process, in which responses to irrelevant, repetitive stimuli are filtered, or gated, saving processing resources for perceptually more salient input (Adler et al., Objectives: Few studies have examined acoustic startle sensorimotor gating in bipolar disorder (BPD) despite the fact that patients with BPD have exhibited inhibitory dysfunctions on a variety of Sensorimotor gating in manic and mixed episode bipolar disorder - Carroll - 2007 - Bipolar Disorders - Wiley Online Library Adults with AD have sensorimotor gating deficits similar to other neurodevelopmental disorders, implicating a failure of normal inhibitory regulation of sensory, motor, and attentional mechanisms. as a possible risk indicator for different mental disorders, helping to deﬁne a speciﬁc endophenotype. Speciﬁcally, we examine different experimental procedures to measure impaired response in attention linked to sensorimotor gating as a possible personality trait involved in maladaptive behaviors. The schizophrenia group showed reduction in sensorimotor gating for both PPI-60 (SMD = −0.50, 95% CI = [−0.61, −0.39]) and PPI-120 (SMD = −0.44, 95% CI = [−0.54, −0.33]). The sensitivity and meta-regression analysis showed that sample size, gender proportion, imbalance for gender, source of control group, and study continent were sources of heterogeneity ( P < .05) for both PPI-60 Although elemental sensation is normal in patients with tics, tics can be associated with sensory phenomena. Some neurophysiological studies suggest that an altered “gating” mechanism also underlies the development of tics.
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Fundamental gating mechanisms appeared intact, while the pattern of deficits in trauma-affected refugees with PTSD point toward a different form of sensory overload, an overall neural hypersensitivity and disrupted the ability to down-regulate stimuli responses.

• Human and animal model studies of sensorimotor gating allow us to understand the functional significance of attentional abnormalities and monoaminergic alterations in patients with schizophrenic disorders. Clinically, schizophrenic patients report oversensitivity to sensory stimulation that theoretically correlates with stimulus overload and leads to cognitive fragmentation.
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BACKGROUND Deficits in sensorimotor gating as assessed by prepulse inhibition (PPI) and habituation of the human startle response have been noted in schizophrenia and other patients with known dysfunction in the brain substrates that regulate PPI. During acute mania, bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia patients present with symptoms that are similar. To determine if these clinical

2006-09-01 Sensorimotor gating in manic and mixed episode bipolar disorder. Carroll CA(1), Vohs JL, O'donnell BF, Shekhar A, Hetrick WP. Author information: (1)Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. 2012-01-04 Startle habituation, sensory, and sensorimotor gating in trauma-affected refugees with posttraumatic stress disorder.

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compared to the effects of placebo, on cognitive function, sensorimotor gating history of severe head trauma or convulsive disorders, or patients with mental

1999).A well-established sensorimotor gating paradigm is the prepulse BACKGROUND Deficits in sensorimotor gating as assessed by prepulse inhibition (PPI) and habituation of the human startle response have been noted in schizophrenia and other patients with known dysfunction in the brain substrates that regulate PPI. During acute mania, bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia patients present with symptoms that are similar. To determine if these clinical cal index of sensorimotor gating that has been used with schizophrenia patients. PPI is deﬁned as the reduction of the amplitude of the startle reﬂex usually the eyeblink reﬂex in human sub- jects when a non-startling ‘prepulse’ precedes. the startling pulse by an interval of approximately 30]300 ms see review by Blumenthal, 1999 . The .

Sensory gating describes neurological processes of filtering out redundant or unnecessary stimuli in the brain from all possible environmental stimuli. Also referred to as gating or filtering, sensory gating prevents an overload of irrelevant information in the higher cortical centers of the brain. Sensory gating can also occur in different forms through changes in both perception and sensation, affected by various factors such as "arousal, recent stimulus exposure, and selective

Functional and structural imaging studies suggest that obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms arise from dysfunction in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits. It has therefore been hypothesized that neurophysiological tasks subserved by these circuits should be abnormal in OCD patients. One neurocognitive probe associated with this circuitry is prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the 2001-08-21 · Pronounced sensorimotor gating abnormalities have been reported in schizophrenic patients (Braff et al. 1978; Kumari et al.

According to the researchers, this finding contrasts PPI effectsobservedin schizophrenicpatients, for example, who display increased sensorimotor deficits with more intense lead stimuli. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex is an operational measure of sensorimotor gating that is amenable to cross-species comparisons. Deficits in PPI have been repeatedly reported in patients with schizophrenia or other psychiatric disorders characterized by abnormalities in sensory, cognitive, or motor gating. Sensorimotor Gating: Startle Submits to Presynaptic Inhibition Michael P. Nusbaum and Diego Contreras Prepulse inhibition is a type of sensorimotor gating that is disrupted in some neuropsychiatric disorders.